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R&D Systems gdf15
Gdf15, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 275 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/gdf15/pm42017539-70-12-15?v=R%26D+Systems
Average 96 stars, based on 275 article reviews

gdf15 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08

96/100 stars

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A: UMAP of 6 individual clinical UM “and healthy” scRNA-seq datasets. Data shows major cell types identified and then GDF15 expression in the UM cells (malignant cells) B: Violin plots showing expression of GDF15 in a scRNA-Seq analysis of human Class 1 and Class 2 UM. C: Western Blot showing the expression of BAP1, PRAME and GDF15 in a panel of UM cell lines. D: Silencing of BAP1 is associated with increased expression of GDF15 in Mel202 and 92.1 UM cells. BAP1 was silenced using siRNA and resulting lysates probed for expression of BAP1 and GDF15. E: ChIP-Seq analysis of Mel202 cells expressing BAP1 or silenced for BAP1 demonstrates an increase in H3K27ac at the GDF15 promoter following BAP1 knockdown. F: Analysis of GDF15 secretion by ELISA assay demonstrates that co-culture of UM cells with HSCs is associated with increased GDF15 expression, even in UM cell lines with high basal expression of GDF15. Cell lines derived from primary or metastatic specimens are indicated.

Journal: Cancer research

Article Title: GDF15 Reprograms the Microenvironment to Drive Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0536

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: UMAP of 6 individual clinical UM “and healthy” scRNA-seq datasets. Data shows major cell types identified and then GDF15 expression in the UM cells (malignant cells) B: Violin plots showing expression of GDF15 in a scRNA-Seq analysis of human Class 1 and Class 2 UM. C: Western Blot showing the expression of BAP1, PRAME and GDF15 in a panel of UM cell lines. D: Silencing of BAP1 is associated with increased expression of GDF15 in Mel202 and 92.1 UM cells. BAP1 was silenced using siRNA and resulting lysates probed for expression of BAP1 and GDF15. E: ChIP-Seq analysis of Mel202 cells expressing BAP1 or silenced for BAP1 demonstrates an increase in H3K27ac at the GDF15 promoter following BAP1 knockdown. F: Analysis of GDF15 secretion by ELISA assay demonstrates that co-culture of UM cells with HSCs is associated with increased GDF15 expression, even in UM cell lines with high basal expression of GDF15. Cell lines derived from primary or metastatic specimens are indicated.

Article Snippet: The effectiveness of blocking GDF15 on tube formation was assessed using an anti-GDF15 blocking antibody (ponsegromab: 120ng/ml, #HY-P99241, MedChemExpress, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, ChIP-sequencing, Knockdown, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Derivative Assay

A: RNA-seq analysis of HSCs (LX2) treated with GDF15 (1μg/ml, 24 hr) identifies increased expression of genes encoding multiple ECM proteins ( COL7A1 ), and molecules involved in angiogenesis ( VCAM1, ANGPLT4, PDGFB, FLT1 ). B: Pathway analysis identifies GDF15 to increase expression of genes involved in inflammatory signaling ( TNFA, IFNγ, IL6 ), angiogenesis (hypoxia, angiogenesis) and metabolism. C: Human primary HSCs (HHStec) were stimulated with either GDF15 (1μg/ml) or SPP1 (osteopontin, (1μg/ml)) for 24 hr and Western Blotting used to determine expression of IL-8 and phospho-STAT3. D: HSC (HHStec cells) were grown in monoculture, MP41 cells were grown in monoculture, HSC+MP41 cells were grown in co-culture, HSCs were treated with conditioned media (CM) from MP41 cells or GDF15 (1μg/ml) for 24 hr before probing for the expression of COL1A1 and PDGFRB by Western Blot. E: Immunofluorescence staining of COL1A1 in HSCs (HHStec) cells treated with basal media or conditioned media from MP41 or UMM061 cells. F: CellChat analysis of human UM samples identifies HSC-derived collagens as being a potential outgoing signal to multiple immune subtypes and UM cells.

Journal: Cancer research

Article Title: GDF15 Reprograms the Microenvironment to Drive Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0536

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: RNA-seq analysis of HSCs (LX2) treated with GDF15 (1μg/ml, 24 hr) identifies increased expression of genes encoding multiple ECM proteins ( COL7A1 ), and molecules involved in angiogenesis ( VCAM1, ANGPLT4, PDGFB, FLT1 ). B: Pathway analysis identifies GDF15 to increase expression of genes involved in inflammatory signaling ( TNFA, IFNγ, IL6 ), angiogenesis (hypoxia, angiogenesis) and metabolism. C: Human primary HSCs (HHStec) were stimulated with either GDF15 (1μg/ml) or SPP1 (osteopontin, (1μg/ml)) for 24 hr and Western Blotting used to determine expression of IL-8 and phospho-STAT3. D: HSC (HHStec cells) were grown in monoculture, MP41 cells were grown in monoculture, HSC+MP41 cells were grown in co-culture, HSCs were treated with conditioned media (CM) from MP41 cells or GDF15 (1μg/ml) for 24 hr before probing for the expression of COL1A1 and PDGFRB by Western Blot. E: Immunofluorescence staining of COL1A1 in HSCs (HHStec) cells treated with basal media or conditioned media from MP41 or UMM061 cells. F: CellChat analysis of human UM samples identifies HSC-derived collagens as being a potential outgoing signal to multiple immune subtypes and UM cells.

Article Snippet: The effectiveness of blocking GDF15 on tube formation was assessed using an anti-GDF15 blocking antibody (ponsegromab: 120ng/ml, #HY-P99241, MedChemExpress, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, RNA Sequencing, Western Blot, Co-Culture Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Derivative Assay

A: CellChat analysis of scRNA-Seq from human UM identifies endothelial cells as being a major target of secreted GDF15. B: Exogenous GDF15 and IL8 increase vascular network formation. HUVEC cells were plated on Matrigel and treated with basal media, IL-8 or GDF15 (both 1μg/ml for 0–24 hr). C: Scoring of endothelial network formation data from B. D: Conditioned media (CM) from UM-HSC co-cultures increases vascular network formation. HUVECs were plated onto Matrigel and treated with basal media or CM from MP41, UMM061 and MM28 cells grown in co-culture with LX2 cells. E: Vascular network formation from D was quantified. F: GDF15-blocking antibodies reverse the pro-angiogenic effects of CM. HUVEC cells were treated with CM from MP41-LX2 co-cultures in the absence and presence of the GDF15 blocking antibody (Ponsegromab,120ng/ml) and vascular network formation imaged. G : Quantification of endothelial cell network formation from F.

Journal: Cancer research

Article Title: GDF15 Reprograms the Microenvironment to Drive Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0536

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: CellChat analysis of scRNA-Seq from human UM identifies endothelial cells as being a major target of secreted GDF15. B: Exogenous GDF15 and IL8 increase vascular network formation. HUVEC cells were plated on Matrigel and treated with basal media, IL-8 or GDF15 (both 1μg/ml for 0–24 hr). C: Scoring of endothelial network formation data from B. D: Conditioned media (CM) from UM-HSC co-cultures increases vascular network formation. HUVECs were plated onto Matrigel and treated with basal media or CM from MP41, UMM061 and MM28 cells grown in co-culture with LX2 cells. E: Vascular network formation from D was quantified. F: GDF15-blocking antibodies reverse the pro-angiogenic effects of CM. HUVEC cells were treated with CM from MP41-LX2 co-cultures in the absence and presence of the GDF15 blocking antibody (Ponsegromab,120ng/ml) and vascular network formation imaged. G : Quantification of endothelial cell network formation from F.

Article Snippet: The effectiveness of blocking GDF15 on tube formation was assessed using an anti-GDF15 blocking antibody (ponsegromab: 120ng/ml, #HY-P99241, MedChemExpress, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Co-Culture Assay, Blocking Assay

A: IVIS imaging of mice with either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 MP41 cells at days 49 and 77, respectively. B: Metastasis-free survival of mice following tail vein injection of either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 MP41 cells. C: H&E staining of livers following tail vein injection of shCRTL or GDF15 silenced (GDF15 shRNA#2) MP41 UM cells. Livers were collected after 7 weeks (shCRTL) or 11 weeks (shGDF15). Scale Bar = 6 mm. D: Quantification of liver metastases following tail vein injection of GDF15-expressing or silenced MP41 cells (GDF15 shRNA#1 and shRNA#2). E: IVIS imaging of mice with either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 OMM1 cells at days 56 and 70, respectively. F: Metastasis-free survival of mice following tail vein injection of either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 OMM1 cells. G: H&E staining of livers following tail vein injection of shCRTL or GDF15 silenced (GDF15 shRNA#2) OMM1 UM cells. Livers were collected after 7 weeks (shCRTL) or 11 weeks (shGDF15). Scale Bar = 6 mm. H: Quantification of liver metastases following tail vein injection of GDF15-expressing or silenced OMM1 cells (GDF15 shRNA#1 and shRNA#2).

Journal: Cancer research

Article Title: GDF15 Reprograms the Microenvironment to Drive Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0536

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: IVIS imaging of mice with either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 MP41 cells at days 49 and 77, respectively. B: Metastasis-free survival of mice following tail vein injection of either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 MP41 cells. C: H&E staining of livers following tail vein injection of shCRTL or GDF15 silenced (GDF15 shRNA#2) MP41 UM cells. Livers were collected after 7 weeks (shCRTL) or 11 weeks (shGDF15). Scale Bar = 6 mm. D: Quantification of liver metastases following tail vein injection of GDF15-expressing or silenced MP41 cells (GDF15 shRNA#1 and shRNA#2). E: IVIS imaging of mice with either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 OMM1 cells at days 56 and 70, respectively. F: Metastasis-free survival of mice following tail vein injection of either shCRTL or shGDF15#2 OMM1 cells. G: H&E staining of livers following tail vein injection of shCRTL or GDF15 silenced (GDF15 shRNA#2) OMM1 UM cells. Livers were collected after 7 weeks (shCRTL) or 11 weeks (shGDF15). Scale Bar = 6 mm. H: Quantification of liver metastases following tail vein injection of GDF15-expressing or silenced OMM1 cells (GDF15 shRNA#1 and shRNA#2).

Article Snippet: The effectiveness of blocking GDF15 on tube formation was assessed using an anti-GDF15 blocking antibody (ponsegromab: 120ng/ml, #HY-P99241, MedChemExpress, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Imaging, Injection, Staining, shRNA, Expressing

A: H&E staining of livers from the eye to liver metastasis model, demonstrating fewer and smaller liver lesions following GDF15 shRNA silencing (shGDF15#1). B: Quantification of the size and number of liver metastases from A. C: IHC staining of liver metastases for fibronectin in MP41 tumors either expressing or with GDF15 silenced. D: Quantification of data from C. E: IHC staining of liver metastases from MP41 tumors for the ECM protein Collagen 1A1. F: Quantification of data from F. G: IHC staining of liver metastases for Ki67 in MP41 tumors either expressing or with GDF15 silenced. H: Quantification of data from G. I: IHC staining of liver metastases for the endothelial cell marker CD31 in MP41 tumors either expressing or with GDF15 silenced. J: Quantification of data from I.

Journal: Cancer research

Article Title: GDF15 Reprograms the Microenvironment to Drive Liver Metastasis of Uveal Melanoma

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-25-0536

Figure Lengend Snippet: A: H&E staining of livers from the eye to liver metastasis model, demonstrating fewer and smaller liver lesions following GDF15 shRNA silencing (shGDF15#1). B: Quantification of the size and number of liver metastases from A. C: IHC staining of liver metastases for fibronectin in MP41 tumors either expressing or with GDF15 silenced. D: Quantification of data from C. E: IHC staining of liver metastases from MP41 tumors for the ECM protein Collagen 1A1. F: Quantification of data from F. G: IHC staining of liver metastases for Ki67 in MP41 tumors either expressing or with GDF15 silenced. H: Quantification of data from G. I: IHC staining of liver metastases for the endothelial cell marker CD31 in MP41 tumors either expressing or with GDF15 silenced. J: Quantification of data from I.

Article Snippet: The effectiveness of blocking GDF15 on tube formation was assessed using an anti-GDF15 blocking antibody (ponsegromab: 120ng/ml, #HY-P99241, MedChemExpress, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Staining, shRNA, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Marker

a. Heatmap of secreted protein expression in liver on KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. b. Circulating GDF15 levels of WT B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. c. Circulating FGF21 levels of WT B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. d. The schematic of ablating GFRAL-neurons in Area Postrema and the resulting body weight, cumulative calories consumed (kcal), and body composition of WT B6J mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Body weight and cumulative calories consumed of B6NJ-GDF15 whole-body knockout and control mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. (n = 3 mice for DTA fed with KD-10%P and mCherry with KD-10%P; n=7 for DTA fed with KD-5%P and n=9 for mCherry fed with KD-5%P. GDF15-KO experiment has n=2 in each group. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macronutrient Composition and Genetic Background Determine the Response to a Ketogenic Diet

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.23.720368

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Heatmap of secreted protein expression in liver on KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. b. Circulating GDF15 levels of WT B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. c. Circulating FGF21 levels of WT B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. d. The schematic of ablating GFRAL-neurons in Area Postrema and the resulting body weight, cumulative calories consumed (kcal), and body composition of WT B6J mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Body weight and cumulative calories consumed of B6NJ-GDF15 whole-body knockout and control mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. (n = 3 mice for DTA fed with KD-10%P and mCherry with KD-10%P; n=7 for DTA fed with KD-5%P and n=9 for mCherry fed with KD-5%P. GDF15-KO experiment has n=2 in each group. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Article Snippet: Wild-type C57BL/6J (#000664), C57BL/6NJ (#005304), FVB/NJ(#001800), DBA/2J (# 000671), Fgf21-KO (B6.129Sv(Cg)-Fgf21 tm1.1Djm /J, #033846), Gfral-cre(B6;SJL-Gfral em1(cre)Rsy /J, #036750), Gdf15 nuGFP-CE (C57BL/6 Gdf15tm1(cre/ERT2)Amc/J, 034497) were obtained from Jackson Lab. OB F1 were obtained from Jackson Lab, then bred in lab, from crossing male OB and female ob/+(#000632).

Techniques: Expressing, Knock-Out, Control

a. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of mice ablating GFRAL-neurons in Area Postrema and control mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. b. Serum glucose levels of B6NJ-Gdf15 whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. c. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Serum glucose levels of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Serum ketone levels of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f. Hepatic glycogen levels of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. g. Hepatic saponified fatty acids profiles of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. h. Body weight, cumulative calorie intake (Kcal), and body composition of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. i. Circulating GDF15 levels of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. j. Serum glucose levels of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. k. Serum ketone levels of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. l. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. (n = 5 for all groups. All glucose/ketone are done by testing 2 individual days of the same group of mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macronutrient Composition and Genetic Background Determine the Response to a Ketogenic Diet

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.23.720368

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of mice ablating GFRAL-neurons in Area Postrema and control mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. b. Serum glucose levels of B6NJ-Gdf15 whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. c. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Serum glucose levels of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Serum ketone levels of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f. Hepatic glycogen levels of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. g. Hepatic saponified fatty acids profiles of WT B6J or B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. h. Body weight, cumulative calorie intake (Kcal), and body composition of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. i. Circulating GDF15 levels of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. j. Serum glucose levels of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. k. Serum ketone levels of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. l. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of female WT B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. (n = 5 for all groups. All glucose/ketone are done by testing 2 individual days of the same group of mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Techniques: Control, Knock-Out

a. Body weight, cumulative calories consumed, and body composition of WT B6J and B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. b. Serum GDF15 levels of WT B6J and B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. c. The schematic of hepatic AAV-induced Nnt expression in B6J mice and the resulting body weight, cumulative calories consumed, and body composition of both groups under KD-5%P. d. Serum GDF15 levels of AAV-induced Nnt expression and control mice under KD-5%P. e, f. As in c, d, for B6NJ Nnt whole-body knockout mice. (n = 5 for each B6J and B6NJ group, n=5 for AAV-induced Nnt expression and control group. n=8 for Nnt-WT, n=7 for Nnt-KO. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macronutrient Composition and Genetic Background Determine the Response to a Ketogenic Diet

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.23.720368

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Body weight, cumulative calories consumed, and body composition of WT B6J and B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. b. Serum GDF15 levels of WT B6J and B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. c. The schematic of hepatic AAV-induced Nnt expression in B6J mice and the resulting body weight, cumulative calories consumed, and body composition of both groups under KD-5%P. d. Serum GDF15 levels of AAV-induced Nnt expression and control mice under KD-5%P. e, f. As in c, d, for B6NJ Nnt whole-body knockout mice. (n = 5 for each B6J and B6NJ group, n=5 for AAV-induced Nnt expression and control group. n=8 for Nnt-WT, n=7 for Nnt-KO. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Knock-Out

a. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of Gfral-ablation and control mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. b. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of B6NJ-Nnt whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. c. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of B6J mice with NNT re-expression under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Body weight, cumulative calorie intake (Kcal) and body composition of DBA/2J mice on KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of composition of DBA/2J mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f. GDF15 levels of DBA/2J mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. g-i. As in d-f, for FVB/NJ mice. j. Western blot of Nnt in the liver of control or overexpression mice. (n = 5 for each group in DBA/2J, n=4 for each group in FVB/2J. All glucose/ketone are done by testing 2 individual days of the same group of mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macronutrient Composition and Genetic Background Determine the Response to a Ketogenic Diet

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.23.720368

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of Gfral-ablation and control mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. b. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of B6NJ-Nnt whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. c. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of B6J mice with NNT re-expression under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Body weight, cumulative calorie intake (Kcal) and body composition of DBA/2J mice on KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Glucose tolerance test (2mg glucose/kg body weight) and calculated area under the curve of composition of DBA/2J mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f. GDF15 levels of DBA/2J mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. g-i. As in d-f, for FVB/NJ mice. j. Western blot of Nnt in the liver of control or overexpression mice. (n = 5 for each group in DBA/2J, n=4 for each group in FVB/2J. All glucose/ketone are done by testing 2 individual days of the same group of mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Techniques: Control, Knock-Out, Expressing, Western Blot, Over Expression

a. Volcano plot of hepatic mRNA expression of B6J and B6NJ mice fed with KD-5%P versus KD-10%P at ad lib fasted state. b. Immune response pathway analysis between KD-5%P versus KD-10%P in B6J and B6NJ mice. c. Serum LCN2 levels of WT B6J and B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Body weight, cumulative calories consumed, and body composition of B6NJ-Nlrp12 whole-body knockout and littermate mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Body weight, cumulative calories consumed (kcal) and body composition of B6J-Lcn2 whole-body knockout and littermate mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f. Serum LCN2 levels of B6NJ-Nlrp12 whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. g. Serum GDF15 levels of B6NJ-Nlrp12 whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. (For a, b and d, n = 5 for each B6J and B6NJ group; n=10 for Nlrp12-KO under KD-5%P, n=8 for Nlrp12-KO under KD-10%P, and n=5 for both WT litter mate under 2 diets. For B6J-Lcn2 KO experiment, n=7 for KO under KD-5%P, n=5 for KO under KD-10%P and n=4 for WT under both diets. For serum Lcn2 and GDF15 measurement in B6NJ-Nlrp12-KO mice, n=5 for KD-10%P group and n=7 for KD-5%P group. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macronutrient Composition and Genetic Background Determine the Response to a Ketogenic Diet

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.23.720368

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Volcano plot of hepatic mRNA expression of B6J and B6NJ mice fed with KD-5%P versus KD-10%P at ad lib fasted state. b. Immune response pathway analysis between KD-5%P versus KD-10%P in B6J and B6NJ mice. c. Serum LCN2 levels of WT B6J and B6NJ mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Body weight, cumulative calories consumed, and body composition of B6NJ-Nlrp12 whole-body knockout and littermate mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Body weight, cumulative calories consumed (kcal) and body composition of B6J-Lcn2 whole-body knockout and littermate mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f. Serum LCN2 levels of B6NJ-Nlrp12 whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. g. Serum GDF15 levels of B6NJ-Nlrp12 whole-body knockout mice under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. (For a, b and d, n = 5 for each B6J and B6NJ group; n=10 for Nlrp12-KO under KD-5%P, n=8 for Nlrp12-KO under KD-10%P, and n=5 for both WT litter mate under 2 diets. For B6J-Lcn2 KO experiment, n=7 for KO under KD-5%P, n=5 for KO under KD-10%P and n=4 for WT under both diets. For serum Lcn2 and GDF15 measurement in B6NJ-Nlrp12-KO mice, n=5 for KD-10%P group and n=7 for KD-5%P group. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Techniques: Expressing, Knock-Out

a. Heatmap of mitochondrial stress gene markers of B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. b. Heatmap of oxidative stress gene markers of B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. c. The schematic of Isrib i.p. injection in B6J mice and the result body weight, cumulative food intake (Kcal) and body composition of both groups under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Serum GDF15 levels of B6J mice treated with Isrib or Vehicle under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Serum LCN2 levels of B6J mice treated with Isrib or Vehicle under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f-h. As in c-e, for NAC treatment, control group is the same data. i. The schematic of the mechanism on how KD induces body weight loss (n = 5 mice for each group. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Macronutrient Composition and Genetic Background Determine the Response to a Ketogenic Diet

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.23.720368

Figure Lengend Snippet: a. Heatmap of mitochondrial stress gene markers of B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. b. Heatmap of oxidative stress gene markers of B6J mice fed with KD-5%P, KD-10%P and chow. c. The schematic of Isrib i.p. injection in B6J mice and the result body weight, cumulative food intake (Kcal) and body composition of both groups under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. d. Serum GDF15 levels of B6J mice treated with Isrib or Vehicle under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. e. Serum LCN2 levels of B6J mice treated with Isrib or Vehicle under KD-5%P or KD-10%P. f-h. As in c-e, for NAC treatment, control group is the same data. i. The schematic of the mechanism on how KD induces body weight loss (n = 5 mice for each group. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. NS, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.)

Techniques: Injection, Control

a, Daily food intake (g per mouse) measured in HFD-fed mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (VEH) or BAY2402234 (BAY) at ZT0 or ZT12 for 7 consecutive days (n=20/group). b, Distribution of food intake between light and dark phases for the same conditions as in ( a) (n=4 cages/group). c, Representative immunoblots of hepatic FGF21 collected 4 h and 16 h after VEH or BAY injection at ZT0 (top) or ZT12 (bottom). LC, loading control. n=4/group/timepoint. d, Densitometric quantification of FGF21 normalized to LC at 4 h and 16 h after injection; ns, not significant; P < 0.05. e,g, Serum GDF15 measured 4 h and 16 h after VEH or BAY injection at ZT0 ( e ; sampling at ZT4 and ZT16) or ZT12 ( g ; sampling at ZT16 and ZT4), respectively. n=4/group/timepoint. f,h, Daily water intake following injections at ZT0 ( f ) or ZT12 ( h ). n=8/group/timepoint. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical comparisons were performed between VEH and BAY at each matched time point; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05. All experiments were performed in male C57BL/6J mice.

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronopharmacological targeting of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase prevents diet-induced obesity in male mice

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.18.719366

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, Daily food intake (g per mouse) measured in HFD-fed mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (VEH) or BAY2402234 (BAY) at ZT0 or ZT12 for 7 consecutive days (n=20/group). b, Distribution of food intake between light and dark phases for the same conditions as in ( a) (n=4 cages/group). c, Representative immunoblots of hepatic FGF21 collected 4 h and 16 h after VEH or BAY injection at ZT0 (top) or ZT12 (bottom). LC, loading control. n=4/group/timepoint. d, Densitometric quantification of FGF21 normalized to LC at 4 h and 16 h after injection; ns, not significant; P < 0.05. e,g, Serum GDF15 measured 4 h and 16 h after VEH or BAY injection at ZT0 ( e ; sampling at ZT4 and ZT16) or ZT12 ( g ; sampling at ZT16 and ZT4), respectively. n=4/group/timepoint. f,h, Daily water intake following injections at ZT0 ( f ) or ZT12 ( h ). n=8/group/timepoint. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical comparisons were performed between VEH and BAY at each matched time point; ns, not significant; * P < 0.05. All experiments were performed in male C57BL/6J mice.

Article Snippet: Serum GDF15 was measured with Mouse/Rat GDF15 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems), following the manufacturer recommendations.

Techniques: Western Blot, Injection, Control, Sampling

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